ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN SISTEM USAHA TANI INTEGRASI KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DENGAN TERNAK SAPI POTONG DI PROVINSI RIAU
Keywords:
eco-efficiency, farming system, household, nilai tambah, resources, rumah tangga, sumber daya, usaha tani, value-addedAbstract
English
Crop-livestock integrated farming is commonly considered a feasible choice to develop sustainable agriculture. The adoption of the integrated agricultural techniques, oil palm-cattle farming, is determined by economic, social, and environmental conditions. It is essential to examine the performance of the integrated oil palm-cattle farming system that has long been promoted in Indonesia. Data was collected from purposively selected 165 integrated farmers and 135 non-integrated farmers in February-June 2021 in five regencies. The Sustainable Value Added approach was used to evaluate the condition of oil palm-cattle integration, with the average value of non-integrated that had reached efficiency as a benchmark. The results suggest that integrated oil palm-cattle farming in Riau Province has an average negative sustainability value, indicating that the value of benefits generated has not been able to cover the opportunity cost of the resources used (management of family labor and provision of fertilizer). Resources will be more productive if managed by benchmark farming. The number of workers in the household has a negative influence on farming sustainability, whereas technical efficiency, oil palm plantation area, nitrogen residue, cattle production, and the price of fresh fruit bunches have a positive and significant impact. The number of farm household workers should be considered when oil palm and cattle integration is applied.
Indonesian
Sistem integrasi tanaman-ternak dianggap merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam membangun pertanian berkelanjutan. Adanya petani yang mengadopsi praktik pertanian terintegrasi, khususnya perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat dengan ternak sapi, dipengaruhi oleh kondisi ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Pengembangan usaha tani integrasi kelapa sawit-sapi yang telah berlangsung perlu dievaluasi khususnya pada keberhasilan usaha tani dalam mengelola dan menciptakan nilai manfaat dari sumber daya yang digunakan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lima kabupaten di Provinsi Riau dari Februari hingga Juni 2021. Keberlanjutan usaha tani integrasi kelapa sawit-sapi dianalisis dengan pendekatan Sustainable Value Added (SVA), dengan menggunakan rata-rata nilai dari usaha tani nonintegrasi yang telah mencapai efisiensi sebagai benchmark. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, keberlanjutan usaha tani integrasi kelapa sawit-sapi di Provinsi Riau memiliki rata-rata nilai keberlanjutan negatif, yang artinya nilai manfaat yang diciptakan belum mampu menutupi opportunity cost dari sumber daya yang digunakan (pengelolaan tenaga kerja keluarga dan penyediaan pupuk). Sumber daya akan lebih produktif apabila dikelola oleh usaha tani benchmark. Efisiensi teknis, luas kebun kelapa sawit, residu nitrogen, produksi sapi, dan harga tandan buah segar memberi dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap keberlanjutan usaha tani, sedangkan jumlah tenaga kerja dalam rumah tangga memberikan dampak negatif. Introduksi integrasi kelapa sawit-ternak sapi hendaknya memperhatikan jumlah tenaga kerja rumah tangga petani.
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